Mobile brickmaking machine



April 2, 1957 D. A. MORELLI ET AL MOBILE BRICKMAKING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Jan. '30,.1953

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April 2, 19,57 D. A. MORELLI ET AL 2,787,040

MOBILE BRICKMAKING MACHINE Filed Jan. 30, 1953 5 ShQetS-Sheet 2 BIZ? a; E

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MOBILE BRICKMAKING MACHINE Filed Jan. 30, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VENI'ORS -D/No ,4. /WQQELL/ BENJAMIN 0M/.sgae

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April 2, 1957 D. A. MORELLI ETAL v 2,787,040

MOBILE BRICKMAKING MACHINE Filed Jan. so, 1955 5 sheets-snee: 4

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April 2, 1957 D. A. MORELLI ET Al. 2,787,040

MOBILE BRICKMAKzNG MACHINE Filed Jan. 5o, 1953 5 sheets-snee: s

INVENTORJ y D/No 4. Mogen.;

Bem/Anm P/Ms/a-n wam-n35 Mounts Barons/intruso MACHINE Dino A. Morelli, Pasadena, and Benjamin Pinsker, Hollyelale, Calif.; sai-d Morelli assignor to said Pinsker Application January 30, 1953, Serial No. 334,213

6 Claims. (Cl. 25--2) Our invention relates generally to brickmaking equipment and more particularly to mobile equipment adapted to perform the entire brickmaking process within one complete unit, the only step of the process not completed therein being that of' curing.

Brickrnaking has been practiced from earliest times, but despite its age and widespread use, relatively few improvements have been made in the process` since it was iirst practiced. Within the past few centuries, power operated machinery has been used to mix the materials going into the production of bricks, and bricks have been formed byextrusion, rather than by simple mold-ing. As a protec tion against weathering and aging,` many bricks are now baked by tiring in a kiln, since the material of which some bricks are formed is easily eroded. However, many bricks are presently made in substantially the same manner as bricks were made` thousands of years ago.

In some instances, bricks are merelybaked in the sun, and when made of the proper materials, have withstood the elements for several centuries. An example of the lasting qualities of such bricks is found in the adobe buildings erected hundreds of years ago in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. However, erosion of such bricks by the elements still occurs, and. relatively recently such bricks have been formed of a clay or adobe mixed with a bituminous cmulsion to produce a` brick that, when cured, is substantially waterproof.

As mentioned, these adobe bricks must be cured or allowed to dry, and while they do not require tiring` in a kiln, they must be stacked so that they can dry. Since this requires a period ot' several days, the problem of providing sufficient space becomes a serious one if commercial operations are to be economically conducted.

It often happens that. the demand for adobe bricks does not warrant the establishment of a permanent brickmaking plant, and because of the size and weight of such bricks, it is not economically feasible to ship them a great distance.

It is therefore a major object of our invention to provide a mobile brickmaking machine capable of being moved from place to place and adapted to produce iinished adobe bricks.

Another object of our invention is to provide such a machine in which the entire` operation, from the digging or excavation of the clay or other material to the delivery of the completed brick tothe curing area is accomplished by the one machine.

lt is a further object of our invention to provide a brickmaking machine of this general type in which the various steps in the manufacture of` bricks may be under the control of an operator at all` times.

StillV another object our invention is to provide a machine, that, in additionto excavating the raw' material, provides a graded surface Von which the completed' bricks may be placed for curing;

lt is a still further object of our invention to provide nited States Patent such a machine` that is relatively simple. in operationl and comparatively inexpensive in cost.

These and other objects and.` advantages of our invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form thereof, and from the drawing illustrating that form, in which:

Figure l is a side `elevational view, showing the left side of a mobile brickmaking machine, the machine being in the position it occupies when in the process of making bricks; i

Figure 2 is a side elevational View of the left side of the machine, but showing the machine in` the position it occupies when being transported from place to place;

Figure 3 is a rear elevational View of the device, partially broken away, as it appears when in the process of cutting or grading the land andV making bricks;`

Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the left or hoist ing side of the device, to a somewhat` larger scale than Figures l and 2, and partially broken away to4 show the interrelationship of the various elements;

Figure 5 is a side elevational` view of the opposite side of the device from that shown in FigureA 4, this view also being partially broken away to sho-wy the construction and arrangement of various parts;

Figure 6 is an end view of the-excavating and mixing equipment taken in the direction` of the arrow 6i in Figure 5 and partially broken away to; show the relationship of various' members;

Figure 7 is across-sectional view taken ou the line 7-7 of Figure 4 and showing the interior of the pug mill and the extrusion screw;

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on` the line S-t of liigure 6 andV showing the cooperative relationship between the transfer screw andthe hammer mill; and

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the brickmaking machine, with parts broken away to show a relationship of the various members.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Figures l, 3, and 9, the numeral Ztl, indicates generally a mobile excavating, mixing, and extrusion apparatus adapted to be mounted upon a truck or similar vehicle 2l for movement both from area to area, and also about a given area during the process of manufacturing bricks. Broadly, the brickmaking machine includes excavating equipment, here shown as a rotating helix or screw 22, adapted to loosen earth and move it toV one side of the equipment where it is picked up by a conveyer, here shown as a bucket conveyer 23, and raised to the top of the equipment. After the excavated earth is discharged from the bucket conveyer 23, it is carried by a transfer screw conveyor 2st to a hammer mill 25 from which it drops, in crushed form into a pug mill 261. Within the pug mill 26, the crushed and powdered earth is mixed with a bituminous emulsion supplied from a reservoir or tank 2"?V mounted upon the truck 2l and' the resulting mixture is discharged into` an extrusion screw conveyor 3l). rhe extrusion screw ili carries the mixture to an opening 3l adapted to receive a` discharge nozzle, where the material is given the iinal desired shape, and may thereafter be cut into the desired lengths. When so cut, the resulting bricks are placed upon the ground to dry and cure, the ground previously having been smoothed and leveled by the passage of' the equipment Zit and the action of the excavator screw 22.

ln this way, a minimum `amount ol? labor is required for the production of bricks. Since excavation, mixing, and extrusion is accomplished by `one compact mobile unit, a minimum of space is required' for lthis unit, and since the ground is leveled and smoothed by the apparatus, a curing and drying area is automatically provided. The equipment has the further advantage, that, being mobile,

it can be moved into an area where the demand would not justify the erection of permanent facilities, and where the cost of shipping bricks from established yards is too great to be economically feasible.

Turning now to a more detailed description of the apparatus, our mobile brickmaking apparatus 2@ is adapted to be mounted on the rear of a more or less conventional truck 21 that may be modified as hereinafter specified. The rear wheels 32 of the truck, preferably dual wheels becaus of the load they must carry, are mounted a short distance forward of the rear of the frame 33, and Itank 27, carrying the bituminous emulsion, mounted between the rear wheels 32 and the cab 34, as is conventfional.

It will be appreciated that when the truck 2l is bcing moved from one area to another, it will normally travel at speeds comparable to those of trucks of s'niiar size when traveling on the highway. However, when the truck 21 acts to pull or tow the brickmaking equipment 20 while the latter is in the process of making bricks, the forward speed of the truck is, of necessity, greatly reduced. To provide for this slower or creeping movement, we prefer to modify the drive connections of the truck so that both fast and slow forward speeds are readily available, and that at the same time, provide a power take-off or connection for operating the brickmaking machinery Ztl,

As is customary, the truck 21 is provided with a drive `or power shaft 35 and a differential (not shown) between the rear wheels 32. However, instead of connecting the drive shaft directly to the differential, we prefer to connect the drive shaft to a transfer mechanism 36 which in turn is connected by a shaft 37 to the differential, and then to the wheels 32. The transfer mechanism 36 also has other shafts connected to it, and one of these, shaft 33, is used as a power take-olf for 'the brick-making equipment 20, as hereinafter described. Another shaft 4d projects from the transfer mechanism 36, and this shaft, like the drive shaft 35, may be used to drive the output shaft 37 to move the truck 21 forward.

The shaft 40 acts as a power input shaft to the transfer mechanism 36 for very slow forward speeds, and it is driven by suitable means, such as a hydraulic motor 4l. The hydraulic motor is operated by fluid under pressure, provided by a hydraulic pump (not shown) which in turn is driven by the engine of the truck 21. The advantage, of course, of the hydraulic motor 4l is that it may be used to drive the truck 21 forward more slowly, and also that it may have a characteristic that may be likened to resilience, since when some obstruction is encountered, the hydraulic motor 41 will stop without causing any damage to itself, the hydraulic system, or the stalled members. A rigid mechanical coupling does not have this resilience.

The transfer mechanism 36 also includes suitable means such asa clutch operated by a handle 42 so that when the clutch is engaged, the drive shaft 40, connected to the hydraulic motor or other low speed drive, also drives the power take-olf shaft 38. Thus, the rear wheels 32 of the truck 21 may be driven either in the conventional manner by means of the drive shaft 35, whereby the truck may be moved lat comparatively high speed, or power may be delivered from the low speed source 41, through the drive shaft 40 so that the truck, in effect, creeps. Under the latter conditions, power is also delivered to the brickmaking equipment 20.

The equipment is mounted between the sides of the truck frame 33 and is pivotally supported at its forward end for limited rotation about an axle 43 parallel to the rear axle of the truck 21. The lower limiting position of the equipment 20 is determined by studs 45 that project from the side of the equipment Iand are adapted to rest in blocks 46 mounted upon the sides of the frame 33. Near the rear of that frame, we provide an upwardly extending framework 47 that straddles the equipment 2b and carries hoisting means such as a block 48 to which there is attached a chain 50 that is connected to some suitable '4 point on the equipment 20. By operating the hoist 48, the equipment 20 may be pivoted about the axle 43 and raised from its operating position, indicated in Figure l, to its traveling position indicated in Figure 2.

Along one side of the brickmaking equipment 2t), there is a main power shaft 51 which extends in a direc-tion generally parallel to the length of the truck 21. The shaft 51 is considerably above the transfer mechanism 36, and the power take-off shaft 38 which is connected to the main power shaft 51 is provided with universal joints or other suitable couplings 52 and 53 at each end. Also the takeoff shaft 3S is preferably made extensible, as by a spline and sleeve construction 54, so that the overall length of the shaft may he varied, as is necessary when the brickmaking equipment 20 is moved from its operating to its raised or traveling position,

As best seen in Figure 5, the main power shaft 51 extends substantially the entire length of the equipment assembly 20 and carries a chain sprocket 55 near its forward end. A chain 56 engages both the sprocket 55 and another chain sprocket 57 to drive the latter which is mounted upon a shaft 5S extending from a gear box 6i?. Mounted on the shaft 58 within the gear box dil is a bevel gear 61 that transmits power to a meshing gear 62 that in turn drives a shaft 63 extending across the equipment assembly Ztl, in a direction generally perpendicular to the main power shaft 51.

The shaft 63 carries the transfer screw conveyor 24, as best seen in Figure 9, and at its opposite end, remote from the gear 62, the shaft 63 carries a pair of sprockets 64 and 65. The sprocket 64 is rela-tively small, and carries a chain 66 that in turn drives a relatively large sprocket 67 carried by a shaft 7i). The shaft 70 is carried by a vertically movable block 71 whose position may be changed by suitable means, such las a threaded rod and nut 72. The shaft 70 carries the upper sprocket wheel 73 for the bucket line conveyer 23, and the relative size ofthe sprocket wheels 64 and 67 insure that there will be ample power, though at a rather low speed, to raise the earth picked up by the buckets of the conveyer.

At its lower end, the bucket line conveyer 23 passes `around a lower sprocket 74 that is mounted on a shaft '75, and this shaft continues across the width of the equipment assembly 20, carrying the worm or screw-type scraper 22. The shafts 63, 70, and 75, all rotate in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Figure 4, and thus the rear side of the bucket chain conveyer moves upwardly while the forward side moves downwardly. As previously mentioned, the shaft 75 carries the worm or screw-type scraper or excavator 22, and the helix into which the blade thereof is shaped so that as the shaft 75 rotates in a a counterclockwise direction, `as seen in Figure 4, the blade moves dirt in a direction across the equipment assembly 2li to the bucket line 23. Material from the entire length of the screw-type scraper 22 is thus delivered to the bucket line 23, which takes this material, raises it, and deposits it in a hopper indicated generally by the numeral 76 in Figure 4, and through the bottom of which extends the transfer screw 24. This transfer screw 24, as previously mentioned, is driven by the shaft 63 and its direction of rotation, counter-clockwise as shown in Figure 4, is such yas to move the material from the hopper i6 across the width of the equipment assembly 2), toward the power shaft 51, to the pug mill 2e.

However, not all of the earth that is raised by the bucket line 23 is powdered or in sutliciently small lumps, and consequently the material is run through a hammer mill 25 prior to its admittance into the pug mill 2,6. As is best seen in Figures 6, 8, and 9, the hammer mill 25 includes a shaft 80 having radially projecting arms 81 extending therefrom for rotation therewith. The shaft 80 carries a sprocket 82 driven by a chain S3, and this in turn is driven by a sprocket 84 mounted upon a shaft S5 that extends partially across the equipment assembly 20, to the vrear of the bucket line 23. The opposite end of agarose shaft $5 carries a sprocket 86` driven by a chain 87 that engages the previously mentioned sprocket 65 mounted on the end of the shaft 63 carrying the transfer screw conveyer 24. rl`he driving sprockets 65 and 84 are relatively large, and the driven sprocketsV 86 and 82 are relatively small so that the shaft 80 and the arms 81 rotate at a fairly high speed, as is desirable for a hammer mill.

Near the discharge end of the transfer screw conveyer 24, alignedl with the pug mill 26, the casing of the screw conveyor is provided with a series of slots 9i) through which powdered earth, brought up by the bucket line 23, may drop into the pug mill 26. Lumps of earth that are too large to fall through the openings 90 are crushed by the radially extending arms 81 of the hammer mills 25, these arms extending through the openings 94B and hitting against the lumps of'earth. It is important, of course, that the admission ofthe arms 81 through the openings 9d be timed so` that the arms do not strike thev screw conveyor 2d, since this would damage the arms and/ or the conveyor screw. The conveyer screw 24g it will be appreciated, makes a close fit' with the housing therefor so that a certain grinding or crushing action takes place as the edges of the screw pass'over the openings 9i?. The arms Si of the hammer mill- 25 aid in this crushing, and as a result, a finely crushed and ground powder is dropped into the pug mill 26.

The purpose of the pug mill is to mix the powdered earth from the transfer screw 24 and. hammer mill 25, with the bituminous emulsioni supplied from the` tank 27 mounted upon the truck 21. The mixing operation must be thorough and complete so-that a homogenous product is obtained, and the mixing is accomplished by a series of arms or paddles 91` that are attached to and rotate with a shaft 92 extending the length of the pug mill 26. rl`he shaft 92 carries at its rear end a sprocket 93 that is driven by a chain 941 which in turn is. in engagement with a sprocket 951 mounted upon the rear end of the main power shaft Sill. This arrangement, best seenI in Figure 5, provides for power to be delivered at the rear end of shaft 92, and by a proper selection of the size of the sprockets 93 and 95, the shaft 92v is driven at a slower speed than the main power shaft 511.

In addition to mixing the bituminous emulsion with the powdered earth, the paddles 91 of the pug mill 26 also act to move the mixture toward the rear end of the pug mill, and this is accomplished by turning the paddles 9i so that their forward facesi are at an angle to their plane of rotation. The paddles 91 thus act, to a certain extent, as a screw conveyor in addition to providing the necessary mixing action.

At the rear end` of the pug mill 26 the case or housing 96 thereof is provided with an opening 97 that communicates with the housing of the extrusion screw conveyer 39. The housing 100 of the screw conveyer 36 extends rearwardly from the pug mill 26,` and the passageway 9'7 opens into the front of the housing 100v sothat the mixture of dirt and emulsion is delivered to the extrusion screw at the forward end thereof, and forced by the latter to the rear of the housing 100 where it is ejected through the opening 31. The extrusion screw 30 includes a shaft 101 having a helical flange or worm 102 thereon, and the shaft is driven at its forward end by a chain 193 that engages sprockets 104 and; 105` mounted upon the forward ends of the shafts` 101 and 92, respectively.

After its discharge through the opening 31 at the rear of the extrusion` screw 3.0,. the mixture of powdered earth and bituminous emulsion may be given any desired shape by a nozzle (not shown) of the conventional type attached to the housing 100 ofthe extrusion screw or otherwise suitably supported, with the extruded material thereafter being cut to the Idesired length by suitable means T106 of more or less conventional type. Such forming nozzles and cutting means are Well-known in the art, and we do not claim them in and of themselves as our invention, since any offa number of suitable types may be used.

When the extruded material is cut tothe desired length, a brick 107 isthereby formed which is then deposited upon the ground behind the brickrnaking equipment 2l), which has been leveled by the operation of the excavating or grading worm 22. A partial housing or shoe 1.10 is located rearwardly ofthe grading worm 22, and is pro-` The bricks formed by the machine and. laid upon the' ground in back of the'A machine: are' allowed' to cure or dry for several` days, the exact length of time depend.- ing upon the moisture: content of the freshly extruded briclt, the weather conditions during the 'time of curing and other factors. During the curingprocesahowever, the ori'clem'aking` machine maybe movedto anothex'floca` tion, or, depending upon the number of bricks` desired and the` size` of the: area that; is to; be graded or surfaced for thez manufacture of bricks', the equipment' may continue its operations in other portions'of the same area.

After" the bricksv have; been; cured, they are removed from the ground` and used for'their intended purpose. lf desired, the brickmaking equipment may then. be passed over the area previously graded to again removedirtfrom` the surface of that area for the manufacture of more bricks.

When the requisite number of bricks have been produced, the" brickmaking apparatus 2t) may be hoisted,

by means of; the" block 48 fromI the operating position, shown in Figure l, tothe traveling position` shown in Figure 2. The powertransfer mechanism 36' is then operated so that the rear wheels of the truck 21 are driven in asubstantially conventional manner, at higher speeds than are possible when thel brickmaking` apparatus 20 is inoperation, and the entire combination may be moved over the usual` public highways to a new location.

From the foregoing,l it will` be seen that we have described a mobile brickmaking apparatus fully capable of achieving the objects and securing the advantages heretofore enumerated. It will be apparent that changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art, such changes not departing from the novel features of our in- Vention as defined herein. Consequently, while we have shown a preferred form of our invention, we do not wish to. be restricted to the particular form or arrangement of parts herein shown andy described, except as limited by our claims.

We claim:

1., A brickmaking of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a power take-off; a surface excavator adapted to remove dirt from the exposed surface of the earth;` smoothing means. cooperating with said surface excavator to smooth the earth behind said surface excavator; hoisting means adapted' to raise the dirt loosened by said surface excavator; pulverizingm-eans operable to powder the dirt raised by said hoist-ing means; mixing means `positioned to receive the gravity discharge from said pulverizing means and mix it with a wetting material; extrusion means receiving the mixture of said dirt and said wetting material from said mixing. means and dischargingit at a point located rearwardly of said surface excavator and said smoothing means and adjacent said smoothed earth; and means connecting said excavator, hoisting means, pulverizing means, mixing means, and extrusion means to said power takeoff for driving thereby while said vehicle is moving forward.

2. A brickmaking machine of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a power take-E; a surface excavator adapted to remove dirt from the exposed surface of the earth; smoothing means located rearwardly of said excavator and bearing against said surface of the ground, said smoothing means and said excavator cooperating to smooth and somewhat compact the earth behind said excavator; a bucket line hoisting means located at one end of said excavator and operable to raise the dirt loosened by said excavator; pulverizing means positioned to receive the dirt raised by said hoisting means and acting to powder said dirt; tank means mounted on said Vehicle and adapted to contain a wetting material for mixing with said dirt; mixing means positioned to receive said wetting material from said tank means and the gravity discharge from said pulverizing means and mix said powdered dirt and said wetting material; extrusion means receiving the mixture of said dirt and said wetting material from said mixing means and discharging it at a point located rearwardly of said surface excavator and said smoothing means and adjacent said smoothed earth; and means connecting said excavator, hoisting means, pulverizing means, mixing means, and extrusion means to said power take-off for driving thereby while said vehicle is moving forward.

3. A brickmaking machine of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a power takeoff; a screw-type surface excavator positioned to bear against the exposed surface of the ground rearwardly of the major portion of said vehicle, and operable to loosen dirt from said surface and move it to one end of said excavator; smoothing means located rearwardly of said excavator and bearing against said surface of the ground, said smoothing means and said excavator cooperating to smooth and somewhat compact the earth behind said excavator; a bucket line hoisting means located at one end of said excavator and operable to raise the dirt loosened by said excavator; pulverizing means positioned to receive the dirt raised by said hoisting means and acting to powder said dirt; tank means mounted on said vehicle and adapted to contain a wetting material for mixing with said dirt; mixing means positioned to receive said wetting material from said tank means and the gravity discharge from said pulverizing means and mix said powdered dirt and said wetting material; screw-type extrusion means positioned to receive the mixture of said dirt and said wetting material from said mixing means and operable to compress said mixture and discharge it in compressed form at a point located rearwardly of said surface excavator and said smoothing means and adjacent said smoothed earth; and means connecting said excavator, hoisting means, pulverizing means, mixing means, and extrusion means to said power take-off for driving thereby while said vehicle is moving forward.

4. A brickmaking machine of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a pivotable section at the rear thereof, said section being selectively movable between a raised or traveling position and a lowered or operating position; a power take-off mounted on said vehicle and selectively operable to deliver power to an auxiliary shaft from the power plant of said vehicle while said vehicle is moving; a screw-type surface excavator supported by said pivotable section and positioned to bear against the exposed surface of the ground rearwardly of the major portion of said vehicle when said section is in lowered position, and to be raised above the exposed surface of the ground when said section is in raised position, said excavator being operable to loosen dirt from said surface and move it to one end of said excavator; smoothing means located rearwardly of said excavator and carried thereby to bear against said surface of the ground when said excavator is in lowered position, said smoothing means then cooperating with said excavator means to smooth and compress the earth behind said excavator; a bucket line hoisting means mounted on said pivotable section at one end of said excavator and operable to raise the dirt loosened by said excavator; pulverizing means carried by said pivotable section and positioned to receive the `dirt raised by said hoisting means and acting to powder said dirt; tank means mounted on said vehicle and adapted to contain a wetting material for mixing with saidl dirt; mixing means located on said pivotable section and positioned to receive said wetting material from said tank means and the gravity discharge from said pulverizing means and mix said pulverized dirt and said wetting material; screwtype extrusion means carried by said pivotable section and connected to said mixing means to receive the discharge therefrom, said extrusion means acting to compress the mixture of dirt and wetting material and discharge it in compressed form at a point located rearwardly of said surface excavator and said smoothing means and adjacent said smoothed earth; and power transmission means extending from said power take-off and including said auxiliary shaft, and connected to said excavator means, said hoisting means, said pulverizing means, said mixing means, and said extrusion means for operating all of said means when said pivotable section is in lowered position and while said vehicle is moving.

5. A brickmaking machine of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a power takeoff; a surface excavator mounted on said vehicle and adapted to remove dirt from the exposed surface of the earth; smoothing means located on said vehicle rearwardly of said excavator and adapted to smooth the exposed earth behind said surface excavator; mixing means; extrusion means adapted to discharge said dirt after it has been mixed, said discharge occurring adjacent said exposed and smoothed earth behind said surface excavator; and mean connecting said excavator, mixing means, and extrusion means to said power take-off for operation thereby;

6. A brickmaking machine of the class described which includes: a self-powered vehicle having a power take-off; a surface excavator mounted on said vehicle and adapted to remove dirt from the exposed surface of the earth; smoothing means located on said vehicle rearwardly of said excavator and adapted to smooth the newly exposed surface of the earth behind said surface excavator; hoisting means adjacent said surface excavator and adapted to raise the dirt removed by said surface excavator; mixing means; extrusion means adapted to discharge said dirt after it has been mixed, said discharge occurring adjacent said exposed and smoothed earth behind said surface excavator; and means connecting said excavator, hoisting means, mixing means and extrusion means to said power take-off for operation t-hereby.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNlTED STATES PATENTS 276,991 Anderson- May 8, 1883 276,992 Anderson May 8, 1883 283,366 Anderson Aug. 2l, 1883 1,303,399 Ryan May 13, 1919 

